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Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in Memphis, TN

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Memphis sits atop the New Madrid Seismic Zone, where liquefiable sands and silts are common in the alluvial plain. The water table is often shallow here, sometimes less than 10 feet, which complicates sampling. We run SPT according to ASTM D1586-18 using an automatic hammer on a CME-75 rig, extracting split-spoon samples at 5-foot intervals. In deeper Holocene deposits east of the Wolf River, blow counts can drop below 5 in loose sands, triggering the need for liquefaction analysis per NCEER guidelines. Samples are logged in our AASHTO-accredited lab for grain size and fines content the same day.

In the Mississippi Embayment, SPT N-values below 10 in saturated fine sands require mandatory liquefaction screening per ASCE 7-22 Section 11.8.

Our service areas

Methodology and scope

The city sits roughly 335 feet above sea level on the Chickasaw Bluffs, but most commercial work happens in the floodplain where the Memphis Sand aquifer dominates. Our SPT rigs handle the stiff loess of the bluffs and the softer point-bar deposits near President's Island without switching tools. We run the test with a 140-lb hammer dropping 30 inches, recording N-values every 6 inches. If refusal hits before 50 blows, we note the penetration and switch to rock coring. For sites near the Mississippi River levee, we pair SPT with CPT soundings to get continuous tip resistance and friction ratio where thin silt seams could be missed by a 30-inch sampler. The lab runs sieve analysis on every split-spoon bag, so you get a full grain-size distribution without delay.
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in Memphis, TN
Technical reference — Memphis

Local considerations

Sites near the Wolf River show significantly looser Holocene alluvium than the loess-capped terraces of East Memphis. In the river bottoms, we often see N-values of 4 to 8 in the upper 20 feet, which means low bearing capacity and high settlement potential for shallow footings. On the bluffs, the same depth can yield N-values above 30 in stiff loess. Skipping SPT in the floodplain risks underestimating liquefaction susceptibility: the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes caused widespread sand blows in what is now downtown Memphis. We always check fines content and plasticity on the SPT sample to apply the correct cyclic resistance ratio when running a site-specific seismic microzonation study.

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Explanatory video

Applicable standards

ASTM D1586-18, ASCE 7-22, IBC 2021 (Chapter 18), AASHTO T-206

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
StandardASTM D1586-18
Hammer typeAutomatic trip, 140 lb, 30 in drop
SamplerStandard split-spoon, 2 in OD, 18 in length
Borehole diameter4 in hollow-stem auger (typical)
Depth intervalsEvery 5 ft, or at stratum change
N-value correctionN60 per Seed & Idriss (1985)
Typical depth range in Memphis20 to 80 ft, deeper for bridge foundations

Frequently asked questions

What does an SPT test in Memphis typically cost?

For a standard SPT boring in the Memphis area, budget between US$530 and US$780 per borehole, depending on depth, access, and number of samples. Mob-demob for the CME-75 rig within Shelby County is included. Lab testing and reporting add a per-sample fee.

How deep do you need to drill for SPT in the Memphis floodplain?

Depth depends on the structure loads, but for typical mid-rise buildings in the Wolf River bottoms we usually drill to 60-80 feet to penetrate the loose Holocene sands and reach the competent Memphis Sand or Jackson Formation. Shorter borings risk missing a basal liquefiable layer that could be critical under seismic loading.

How do you correct SPT N-values for the automatic hammer?

We apply a hammer energy correction factor of approximately 1.3 for our automatic trip hammer, converting raw N to N60. Additional corrections for overburden pressure, rod length, and borehole diameter are applied per Seed & Idriss (1985) before using the N-values in bearing capacity or liquefaction calculations.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Memphis and its metropolitan area.

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