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Field Permeability Testing (Lefranc & Lugeon) in Memphis

Technical studies that support your project.

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Around Memphis, the subsurface never quite matches what you expect from the surface. The city sits on a thick sequence of Mississippi Embayment sediments—loess bluffs east of downtown, alluvial terraces along the Wolf and Mississippi rivers, and deep sand layers that can hold surprising amounts of water. When a geotech report calls for a coefficient of permeability from the field rather than remolded lab samples, the team runs in-situ Lefranc tests in boreholes or Lugeon tests in rock sockets. The high water table common across Shelby County, often just 10 to 15 feet down on the floodplain, makes these measurements critical for dewatering design and cutoff wall verification. Many local firms combine a field permeability campaign with grain-size analysis to correlate k-values from Hazen with the direct measurements, and the piles team uses the data to finalize shaft grouting volumes near the Mississippi River bridges.

A single Lugeon stage in fractured Fort Pillow Sand often reveals more about flow paths than a dozen lab permeameter runs.

Our service areas

Methodology and scope

The geology here demands a flexible approach. Where the loess mantles the uplands east of Germantown Parkway, a falling-head Lefranc test inside a cased borehole isolates the silty material above the water table. Closer to the river, the Jackson Formation and younger alluvium require constant-head setups once the filter section saturates. Lugeon testing comes into play whenever a project hits the Fort Pillow Sand or the underlying Paleozoic limestone at depth—the deep stormwater tunnels under the city encountered these units and relied on packer tests to map fracture connectivity. ASTM D6391 governs the procedure for packer-based permeability in rock, and the team follows it rigorously. Before breaking ground on a deep excavation near the bluffs, many contractors also request slope-stability analysis, since lateral seepage into the loess can trigger sloughing within hours of cutting.
Field Permeability Testing (Lefranc & Lugeon) in Memphis
Technical reference — Memphis

Local considerations

A common mistake on Memphis projects is treating the alluvial aquifer as homogeneous and skipping field permeability tests in favor of textbook values. The Mississippi River alluvium contains discontinuous clay lenses and abandoned channel sands that create preferential flow paths nobody can predict from boring logs alone. Dewatering systems designed without measured k-values either underperform, leaving the excavation flooded after a spring rain, or over-pump fine sand and cause ground loss behind adjacent sheet piles. The IBC mandates site-specific geotechnical investigation, and the local drainage criteria require substantiated permeability for any permanent dewatering system. Running a series of Lefranc tests at different elevations within the same borehole costs a fraction of a dewatering failure and keeps the project schedule intact when the Wolf River starts rising.

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Applicable standards

ASTM D6391-11: Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity Using Borehole Infiltration, ASTM D2487-17: Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes, AASHTO R 13: Conducting Geotechnical Subsurface Investigations

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
Test standard (soil)ASTM D6391, variable-head method
Test standard (rock)ASTM D6391, pressure-packer method
Typical tested depth10 to 150 ft below grade
Borehole diameterNQ to PQ, or 4-in rotary open hole
Measurement range10⁻⁵ to 10⁻¹ cm/s
Reporting unitLugeon value (Lu) or cm/s
Packer typeSingle or double pneumatic
Tested formationsLoess, alluvium, Fort Pillow Sand, limestone

Frequently asked questions

What does a Lefranc or Lugeon test cost in the Memphis area?

For a single borehole with two to three test intervals, expect US$640 to US$1,080. The price depends on depth, number of stages, and whether a drill rig is already on site. Mobilizing a rig solely for permeability work adds cost, so most clients bundle the tests with an SPT or rock coring program.

When does a project need a Lugeon test instead of a Lefranc test?

Lugeon tests are for fractured rock. If the boring hits the Fort Pillow Sand cemented zones or the underlying limestone, a packer test isolates a discrete interval and measures hydraulic conductivity under pressure. Lefranc tests stay in soil or very soft rock where the borehole wall can be cased without a packer.

How long does a field permeability test take on site?

A single Lefranc stage typically takes 30 to 60 minutes once the borehole is prepared; a five-pressure Lugeon stage runs about 90 minutes. Most Memphis projects complete three to five test intervals in a single day, assuming the drill crew coordinates casing and packer placement efficiently.

Can the test results be used directly for dewatering design?

Yes. The measured k-value feeds directly into well-point or deep-well dewatering calculations. In the stratified alluvium near the Mississippi River, we recommend testing at multiple elevations within one boring to capture the contrast between silty clay lenses and clean sand channels.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Memphis and its metropolitan area.

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